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Low-Pass Filter A device or algorithm that only allows the low-frequency component of the signal to pass through and attenuates the high-frequency component of the signal. E.g., RC LP Filter: a capacitor blocks DC and passes AC voltage. Usage: High-Pass Filter: A device or algorithm that only allows the high-frequency component of the signal to […]
What is BCI? (Brain computer interface) Interface → communication pathway BCI → The system that provides a communication pathway to convert brain activity signals to instructions recognisable to computers. Process of basic BCI systems: Characteristics of EEG: EEG signals originate from the potential changes caused by the discharge of neuron populations and are measured by scalp surface electrodes. Pros: […]
Project Plan After understanding the theoretical part of the PID control system, I decided to try to apply it in a real system. The main goal of this project is to achieve the control of the rotation angle of a gear motor with a user-controlled knob. The motor should rotate as much as the knob […]
The band pass filter passes frequency components within a certain range, and rejects all the frequency component which is outside this band. The following curve shows the respond of an ideal band pass filter. Lets say we have a low pass filter with cut-off frequency fc1, and a high pass filter with cut-off frequency fc2, […]
A high pass filter passes all the frequency component that has frequency above the cut off frequency and rejects all frequencies from 0 Hz to the cut off frequency. The following curve shows the respond of an ideal high pass filter. The passive RC high pass filter circuit can be designed in two combinations like resistor and capacitor (passive RC HPF); […]
I decided to set up a circuit with a peicewise linear input which is an input that is defined to have 0 volts from time t = 0 to time t = 1ms, and have for example an input of 2 volts for time t > 1ms. There is a sudden change of input voltage […]
The system that we want to control can be thought as two separate systems. Firstly, the actuators, these are the devices that are generating the forces or energy to change the system like motors or heaters. The second system is the process, it is the thing that the actuator is working against and trying to […]
An Op-Amp Differentiator is a circuit that uses a operational amplifier, a capacitor and a resistor to calculate the derivative of the input signal. Its output signal is proportional to differentiation of input signal. The circuit for it is illustrated in the following photo. If we do a transient analysis on this ciruict by equating […]
An Op-Amp Integrator is a circuit that uses a operational amplifier, a capacitor and a resistor to calculate the integral of the input signal. Its output is the cumulative effect of the input signal over time. The circuit for it is illustrated in the following photo. If we do a transient analysis of the circuit […]