Year: 2024

An voltage subtractor circuit is a circuit that produces an output voltage proportional to the voltage difference of two input signals applied to the inputs of the inverting and non-inverting terminals of an operational amplifier. We can first analyse the part of the circuit connected to the non-inverting input. It act as a potential divider, […]

An amplifier is a device that increases the strength of the input signal. An operational amplifier also known as Op Amp amplify the voltage. It is a three-terminal electronic device, having two input terminals, a inverting terminal marked by the “-” sign and a non-inverting terminal marked by the “+” sign. The third terminal is […]

Inductors are passive components that store energy through magnetic field. It creates a magnetic field when a current is passed through them. Inductance is the tendency of electrical conductor to oppose a change in electrical current flowing through it. The current flowing through the inductor cannot mutate because the inductor generates a electromotive force that […]

A capacitor is a device used to store electrical charge and electrical energy. The voltage at both ends of the capacitor cannot mutate because it takes time for capacitors to charge or discharge. The capacitance of the capacitor is defined as the ratio between the maximum charge that is abled to be stored on the capacitor to the […]

 A resistor is a passive component that limits or regulates the electric current in a circuit. The resistance is a measure of how difficult it is to pass current through a wire or component. It depends on the resistivity of the material.  Resistance is defined as the ratio of the voltage to the current. It is directly proportional to the length of the material and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the material. […]

The photo diode is a semiconductor device which converts the incident light into electrical current. Their application includes optical communication system, television, remote control, etc. On this symbol, there is two arrow comming into the diode, it indicates that whenever the light falls on this diode, then it generate the photo current. Unlike the normal […]

Applications of LED: Advantages of LED LED LED is a P-N junction diode, whenever the current flows through it in the forward direction, it emits light of a particular color. This process of giving off light when applying electrical energy is known as electroluminance. When the diode is forward-biased, the holes in the P side […]

This is the symbol for the schottky diode, it is quite similar to the symbol of the normal diode. The voltage drop for the schottky diode is about 3 volts to 5 volts which is lower then the voltage drop for the rectifier diode. It can be shown in the V-I graph of the diodes. […]

Ripple Factor For Half Wave Rectifier As we know, this is the waveform of the output voltage of the half wave rectifier circuit. It is a pulsating DC voltage with some finite AC variation called ripple on top of it. For any rectifier, this ripple factor should be as small as possible, as the smaller […]

The full wave rectifier allows the use of both half of the input signal as it completely pass the positive half cycle and inverts the negative half cycle. Notice that in the output wave form, the frequency of the output waveform has been doubled, as the wave is repeating itself every T/2 period. There are […]