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Month: January 2025

Differentiator

An Op-Amp Differentiator is a circuit that uses a operational amplifier, a capacitor and a resistor to calculate the derivative of the input signal. Its output signal is proportional to differentiation of input signal. The circuit for it is illustrated in the following photo. If we do a transient analysis on this ciruict by equating […]

Integrator

An Op-Amp Integrator is a circuit that uses a operational amplifier, a capacitor and a resistor to calculate the integral of the input signal. Its output is the cumulative effect of the input signal over time. The circuit for it is illustrated in the following photo. If we do a transient analysis of the circuit […]

PID Control (Note)

The basic idea of the PID control system is to figure out how to generate the appropriate actuating signal which is the input, so that the system will produce the desired controlled variable which is the output. This control system is here to help the object to achieve the set point or the desired value. […]

RC Low Pass Filter (Note)

An electronic filter is a circuit which passes some frequency components in the circuit and reject or attenuate all other frequency component. This curve shows an ideal low pass filter that passes the low frequency signal starting from 0 Hz to the cut off frequency. Any frequency component beyond the cut off frequency will be […]

RLC Resonant Circuit (Note)

LC Oscillating Circuit In the following AC circuit, after applying some voltage source, at time = 0 we remove this source and replace it with a short circuit. Both inductor and capacitor have to ability to story energy, inductors store energy in the form of magnetic field while the capacitor stores energy in the form […]

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